Njira zingapo zodyetsera ndi kuyang'anira ng'ombe za mkaka pa nthawi yoyamwitsa

Nthawi yoyamwitsa kwambiri ya ng'ombe zamkaka ndi gawo lofunikira pakuweta ng'ombe za mkaka.Kupanga mkaka panthawiyi ndikwambiri, zomwe zimapitilira 40% ya mkaka wonse womwe umatulutsa panthawi yonse yoyamwitsa, ndipo thupi la ng'ombe zamkaka pa nthawi ino lasintha.Ngati kadyedwe ndi kasamalidwe kosayenera, Sikuti ng'ombe zidzalephera kufika pachimake pa nthawi yotulutsa mkaka, nthawi yotulutsa mkaka imatenga nthawi yochepa, koma idzakhudzanso thanzi la ng'ombe.Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kulimbitsa kadyetsedwe ndi kasamalidwe ka ng'ombe za mkaka pa nthawi yoyamwitsa kwambiri, kuti kuyamwitsa kwa ng'ombe zamkaka kugwiritsidwe ntchito mokwanira, komanso kuti nthawi yotulutsa mkaka iwonjezeke momwe mungathere. , potero kumawonjezera kupanga mkaka ndi kuonetsetsa kuti ng’ombe za mkaka zikukhala zathanzi.

Nthawi yoyamwitsa kwambiri ya ng'ombe zamkaka nthawi zambiri imatengera nthawi ya masiku 21 mpaka 100 itatha kubereka.Makhalidwe a ng'ombe za mkaka pa nthawi ino ndi chilakolako chabwino, kufunikira kwakukulu kwa zakudya, kudya kwambiri, ndi kuyamwitsa kwambiri.Kusakwanira kwa chakudya kumakhudza ntchito yoyamwitsa ya ng'ombe za mkaka.Nthawi yoyamwitsa kwambiri ndi nthawi yovuta kwambiri pakuweta ng'ombe za mkaka.Kupanga mkaka pa nthawi ino kumapangitsa kuti 40% ya mkaka upangidwe panthawi yonse yoyamwitsa, zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kupanga mkaka panthawi yonse yoyamwitsa komanso zokhudzana ndi thanzi la ng'ombe.Kulimbikitsa kadyetsedwe ndi kasamalidwe ka ng'ombe za mkaka pa nthawi yoyamwitsa kwambiri ndiye chinsinsi chowonetsetsa kuti ng'ombe za mkaka zibereka kwambiri.Choncho, kudyetsa ndi kusamalira moyenera kuyenera kulimbikitsidwa kuti ng ombe za mkaka zikule bwino ndikuyamwitsa, ndi kuonjezera nthawi yoyamwitsa kwambiri momwe zingathere kuti ng'ombe za mkaka zikhale zathanzi..

1. Makhalidwe a kusintha kwa thupi pa nthawi ya lactation

Maonekedwe a ng'ombe za mkaka adzasintha motsatana panthawi yoyamwitsa, makamaka pa nthawi yoyamwitsa, mkaka umakhala wochuluka kwambiri, ndipo thupi lidzasintha kwambiri.Pambuyo pa kubadwa kwa mwana, thupi ndi mphamvu zakuthupi zimadyedwa kwambiri.Ngati ndi ng'ombe yogwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, ntchito yake imakhala yovuta kwambiri.Kuphatikizidwa ndi postpartum lactation, magazi a calcium mu ng'ombe adzatuluka m'thupi ndi mkaka wambiri, motero Kugaya chakudya kwa ng'ombe za mkaka kumachepa, ndipo ngati kuli koopsa, kungayambitsenso ziwalo za ng'ombe za mkaka. .Panthawi imeneyi, mkaka wa ng'ombe wa mkaka uli pachimake.Kuwonjezeka kwa kupanga mkaka kudzachititsa kuti ng'ombe za mkaka ziwonjezeke kufunikira kwa zakudya, ndipo kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi sikungakwaniritse zosowa za ng'ombe za mkaka kuti zikhale ndi mkaka wambiri.Idzagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zakuthupi kupanga mkaka, zomwe zingapangitse kulemera kwa ng'ombe za mkaka kuyamba kutsika.Ngati ng'ombe yamkaka imakhala ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi kwa nthawi yayitali, ng'ombe zamkaka zimachepa thupi kwambiri pa nthawi yoyamwitsa, zomwe zingabweretse zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri.Kubereka komanso kuyamwitsa kwamtsogolo kumakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri.Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudyetsa ndi kuyang'anira asayansi malinga ndi kusintha kwa thupi la ng'ombe zamkaka pa nthawi yoyamwitsa kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire kuti zimadya chakudya chokwanira ndikuchira msanga.

2. Kudyetsa panthawi ya lactation

Kwa ng'ombe zamkaka zomwe zili pachimake pakuyamwitsa, ndikofunikira kusankha njira yoyenera yodyetsera malinga ndi momwe zilili.Njira zitatu zotsatirazi zodyera zikhoza kusankhidwa.

(1) Njira yopindulitsa kwakanthawi kochepa

Njirayi ndiyoyenera kwambiri ng'ombe ndi kupanga mkaka wapakatikati.Ndiko kuonjezera chakudya cha ng ombe pa nthawi yoyamwitsa kwambiri, kuti ng'ombe ya mkaka ipeze zakudya zokwanira zolimbitsa mkaka wa ng'ombe pa nthawi yoyamwitsa kwambiri.Nthawi zambiri, imayamba pakatha masiku 20 ng ombe yabadwa.Chilakolako cha ng ombe ndi chakudya chikabwerera mwakale, pamaziko osunga chakudya choyambirira, kuchuluka koyenera kwa 1 mpaka 2 kg kumawonjezeredwa kuti ikhale "chakudya chambiri" kuti chiwonjezere kutulutsa mkaka panthawi yomwe ikukula. mkaka wa ng'ombe kuyamwitsa.Ngati pakukula mosalekeza kwa kupanga mkaka pambuyo pa kuchulukirachulukira, muyenera kupitiriza kuonjezera pambuyo pa sabata imodzi yodyetsera, ndikuchita ntchito yabwino yoyang'anira mkaka wa ng'ombe, mpaka mkaka wa ng'ombe usakhalenso. amawuka, kusiya Kuwonjezera maganizo.

(2) Njira yoweta motsogozedwa

Ndi yabwino kwambiri kwa ng'ombe za mkaka zobereka kwambiri.Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa njira imeneyi kwa ng’ombe za mkaka zapakati ndi zotsika kungapangitse kuti kulemera kwa ng’ombe za mkaka kuchuluke, koma sikwabwino kwa ng’ombe za mkaka.Njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zambiri, zokhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri kudyetsa ng'ombe zamkaka mkati mwa nthawi inayake, motero zimakulitsa kwambiri kupanga mkaka wa ng'ombe za mkaka.Kukhazikitsidwa kwa lamuloli kuyenera kuyambira pa nthawi ya kubereka kwa ng'ombe, ndiko kuti, masiku 15 ng'ombe isanabereke, mpaka kutulutsa mkaka ng'ombe ikafika pachimake cha lactation.Mukamadyetsa, chakudya choyambirira sichinasinthidwe mu nthawi ya mkaka wouma, pang'onopang'ono muwonjezere kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe zimadyetsedwa tsiku ndi tsiku mpaka kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe zimadyetsedwa kufika 1 mpaka 1.5 kg ya concentrate pa 100 kg kulemera kwa ng'ombe ya mkaka..Ng'ombe zikabereka, kuchuluka kwa kadyedwe kumawonjezekabe malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya chatsiku ndi tsiku kwa 0.45 kg ya concentrate, mpaka ng'ombe zikafika pachimake cha kuyamwitsa.Nthawi yoyamwitsa ikatha, m'pofunika kusintha kuchuluka kwa chakudya cha ng'ombe molingana ndi momwe ng'ombe imadyetsera, kulemera kwa thupi, ndi kupanga mkaka, ndikusintha pang'onopang'ono ku chakudya choyenera.Mukamagwiritsa ntchito njira yodyetsera motsogozedwa, samalani kuti musawonjezere kuchuluka kwa chakudya chokhazikika, ndikunyalanyaza kudyetsa forage.Ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti ng'ombe zili ndi chakudya chokwanira komanso madzi akumwa okwanira.

(3) Njira yoweta m’malo

Njirayi ndi yoyenera kwa ng'ombe zomwe zimakhala ndi mkaka wambiri.Kuti ng'ombe zamtunduwu zilowetse bwino ndikuwonjezera mkaka pa nthawi ya lactation, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi.Njira yodyetsera m'malo ndikusintha chiŵerengero cha zakudya zosiyanasiyana m'zakudya, ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira yowonjezera mosinthana ndi kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kadyetsedwe kambiri kuti ng'ombe za mkaka zikhale ndi chilakolako, potero zimawonjezera kudya kwa ng'ombe za mkaka, kuonjezera chiwerengero cha ng'ombe za mkaka. kuchuluka kwa kusinthika kwa chakudya, ndikuwonjezera kupanga kwa ng'ombe zamkaka.Kuchuluka kwa mkaka.Njira yeniyeni ndiyo kusintha kachitidwe ka chakudya pa sabata imodzi, makamaka kusintha chiŵerengero cha kuika maganizo ndi chakudya mu chakudya, koma kuonetsetsa kuti chiwerengero chonse cha zakudya zopatsa thanzi chimakhalabe chosasinthika.Mwa kusintha mobwerezabwereza mitundu ya zakudya motere, sikuti ng'ombe zimatha kukhalabe ndi chilakolako champhamvu, komanso ng'ombe zimatha kupeza zakudya zowonjezera, potero zimatsimikizira thanzi la ng'ombe ndikuwonjezera mkaka.

Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti kupanga kwakukulu, kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa chakudya chokhazikika kuonetsetsa kuti kupanga mkaka pachimake cha lactation ndikosavuta kumayambitsa kusalinganika kwa zakudya m'thupi la ng'ombe ya mkaka, komanso ndikosavuta kuyambitsa asidi wambiri m'mimba ndikusintha mkaka zikuchokera.Zingayambitse matenda ena.Choncho, mafuta a rumen akhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku zakudya za ng'ombe zamkaka zobereka kwambiri kuti awonjezere zakudya zopatsa thanzi.Izi ndizothandiza pakukulitsa kupanga mkaka, kuonetsetsa kuti mkaka uli wabwino, kupititsa patsogolo estrus ya postpartum ndi kuonjezera pathupi la ng'ombe za mkaka.Thandizo, koma tcherani khutu pakuwongolera mlingo, ndikusunga pa 3% mpaka 5%.

3. Kusamalira pa nthawi ya lactation

Ng'ombe zamkaka zimafika pachimake pakuyamwitsa patatha masiku 21 mutabereka, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatha kwa masabata atatu kapena anayi.Kupanga mkaka kumayamba kuchepa.Kuchuluka kwa kuchepa kuyenera kuyendetsedwa.Choncho, m'pofunika kuyang'anitsitsa lactation ya ng'ombe ya mkaka ndikusanthula zifukwa zake.Kuphatikiza pa kudyetsa koyenera, kasamalidwe ka sayansi nakonso ndikofunikira kwambiri.Kuwonjezera pa kulimbikitsa kasamalidwe ka chilengedwe tsiku ndi tsiku, ng'ombe za mkaka zimayenera kuyang'anitsitsa kuyamwitsa kwa mabere awo panthawi yoyamwitsa kuti ng'ombe zisadwale mastitis.Samalani ndi momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mkaka, dziwani nambala ndi nthawi yoyamwitsa tsiku lililonse, pewani kukama movutikira, kusisita ndi kutentha mabere.Mkaka wa ng'ombe umakhala wochuluka kwambiri panthawi yomwe mayi akuyamwitsa.Gawoli likhoza kukhala loyenera Kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa mkaka kuti mutulutse kupanikizika kwa mabere ndikofunikira kwambiri polimbikitsa kuyamwitsa.M'pofunika kuchita ntchito yabwino yoyang'anira matenda a mastitis mu ng'ombe za mkaka, ndikuchiza matendawa mwamsanga atapezeka.Komanso, m'pofunika kulimbikitsa ntchito ng'ombe.Ngati kuchuluka kwa masewera olimbitsa thupi sikukwanira, sikudzangokhudza kupanga mkaka, komanso kumakhudza thanzi la ng'ombe, komanso kukhala ndi zotsatira zoipa pa fecundity.Choncho, ng'ombe ziyenera kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi moyenera tsiku lililonse.Madzi akumwa okwanira pa nthawi imene ng ombe za mkaka zimayamwitsa kwambiri, ndizofunikanso kwambiri.Panthawi imeneyi, ng'ombe za mkaka zimafuna madzi ambiri, ndipo madzi akumwa okwanira ayenera kuperekedwa, makamaka pambuyo pa kukama, ng'ombe ziyenera kumwa madzi nthawi yomweyo.