Zopangira zamankhwala a Chowona Zanyama zimabweretsa kukwera kwamitengo, ndipo mitengo yazinthu izi ikwera!

Kuyambira pakati mpaka kumapeto kwa Seputembala, chifukwa cha kutsika kwa ndalama zapadziko lonse lapansi, mitengo yazinthu zopangira chakudya ndi zida zothandizira zikupitilira kukwera, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zapakhomo "kuwongolera kawiri", kuyang'anira chitetezo cha chilengedwe, komanso kuchepa kwa mphamvu zamafakitale. kukhudzidwa ndi zinthu zingapo, zomwe zimapangitsa mitengo yotsatizana yamankhwala osiyanasiyana azinyama.Kukwera, komwe kunayambitsa kukwera kwamitengo yamankhwala okhudzana ndi ziweto.Tisankha magawo omwe akukwera komanso zinthu zokonzekera zomwe mitengo yake ikuyembekezeka kukwezedwa ndi opanga motere:

1. β-lactam

(1) Mchere wamafakitale wa penicillin potaziyamu wakula kwambiri, ndipo mtengo wakwera ndi 25% poyerekeza ndi nthawi yomweyi chaka chatha;Zopangira ndi kukonzekera kwa penicillin sodium (kapena potaziyamu) zakweranso kwambiri.), kuwonjezera pa kukwera kwakukulu kwa mtengo wazinthu zopangira mankhwalawa, mtengo wa mabotolo oyikapo wakweranso pamlingo wina.Chifukwa chake, mtengo wakale wazinthu zamafakitale udzakwera kwambiri.

(2) (Monomer) Amoxicillin ndi Amoxicillin Sodium akwera kwambiri, ndipo mitengo yazinthu zopangira monga Ampicillin, Ampicillin Sodium, Amoxicillin ndi Clavulanate Potassium nayonso yakwera kwambiri.10% ndi 30% ya ufa wosungunuka wa amoxicillin wopangidwa ndi opanga mankhwala azinyama ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe amazipeza pafupipafupi ndi ogulitsa ndi alimi, ndipo mtengo wa mankhwalawa ukwera ndi 10%.

(3) Mitengo ya ceftiofur sodium, ceftiofur hydrochloride, ndi cefquinoxime sulfate yakwera, ndipo kupezeka kwa cefquinoxime sulfate kwafika pothina.Mitengo yamankhwala atatuwa opangira jakisoni opangidwa ndi opanga mankhwala azinyama atha kukwera.

2. Aminoglycosides

(1) Mtengo wa streptomycin sulphate ndi wamphamvu, ndikuwonjezeka kwina.Kukonzekera kwa wopanga kumakhudzidwa makamaka ndi mayunitsi 1 miliyoni kapena mayunitsi 2 miliyoni a jakisoni wa ufa wa jakisoni.Kuonjezera apo, mtengo wa mabotolo oyikapo ukuwonjezeka, ndipo opanga amatha kuonjezera mtengo wamtunduwu.

(2) Zopangira za kanamycin sulfate ndi neomycin sulfate zinawuka poyamba, ndipo spectinomycin hydrochloride nayo inadzuka;apramycin sulphate inakwera pang'ono, pamene mtengo wa gentamicin sulfate unali wokhazikika.Zomwe amapanga ndi: 10% kanamycin sulfate sungunuka ufa, 10% jekeseni wa kanamycin sulfate, 6.5% ndi 32.5% neomycin sulphate ufa wosungunuka, 20% jakisoni wa apramycin sulfate, 40% ndi 50% apramycin 50% sulfate sulfate sulfate 5% premycin sulfate soluble powder. , mitengo yazomwe zili pamwambazi zitha kukwezedwa ndi 5%.

3. Tetracyclines ndi Chloramphenicols

(1) Doxycycline hydrochloride ili ndi chiwonjezeko chachikulu kwambiri, ndipo mtengo wamtengo wapatali wamsika wadutsa 720 yuan/kg.Mitengo ya oxytetracycline, oxytetracycline hydrochloride, ndi chlortetracycline hydrochloride nayo yakwera ndi kupitirira 8%.Zogwirizana ndi mankhwala opanga Chowona Zanyama: monga 10% ndi 50% doxycycline hydrochloride sungunuka ufa, 20% doxycycline hydrochloride kuyimitsidwa, 10% ndi 20% jekeseni oxytetracycline, 10% oxytetracycline hydrochloride sungunuka ufa Mitengo ya mankhwala akhoza kuwonjezeka kuposa mankhwala ena5 %.Zinthu zina zam'mapiritsi zidzakweranso mitengo.

(2) Florfenicol ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ziweto ndi nkhuku.Mu Seputembala, mtengo wa florfenicol unakwera mwadzidzidzi chifukwa chakukwera kwadzidzidzi kwamitengo yapakati.Nambala wani otentha pophika.Ndi chifukwa cha izi kuti opanga mankhwala a Chowona Zanyama sanangokweza mitengo yawo yakale kuposa 15%, ndipo ngakhale opanga ena amakakamizika kuyimitsa kupanga zokonzekera zofananira chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira kwazinthu zopangira kapena kusowa kwa zopangira. .Zomwe zikukhudzidwa ndi izi: 10%, 20%, 30% florfenicol ufa, florfenicol ufa wosungunuka, ndi jekeseni wokhala ndi zomwezi.Zokonzekera zonse zomwe zili pamwambazi zidzakhala ndi mtengo wokwera kwambiri.

4. Macrolides

Mitengo ya zipangizo monga tivancin tartrate, tilmicosin, tilmicosin phosphate, tylosin tartrate, tiamulin fumarate, ndi erythromycin thiocyanate zonse zakwera kufika pamlingo wosiyana, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa 5% ~ 10 % pafupifupi.Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga 10%, 50% tylosin tartrate kapena tylosin tartrate soluble powder, komanso zokonzekera zina zingapo zokhudzana ndi zosakaniza, zikhoza kukhala ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mtengo wa 5% mpaka 10%.

5. Quinolones

Mtengo wa zipangizo monga enrofloxacin, enrofloxacin hydrochloride, ciprofloxacin lactate, ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, ndi sarafloxacin hydrochloride wakwera ndi 16% mpaka 20%.Izi zonse ndi mankhwala ochiritsira ochiritsira komanso odana ndi kutupa.Pali zinthu zambiri zokonzekera, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri mtengo wamankhwala pamakampani olima m'madzi.Mwachitsanzo: 10% enrofloxacin hydrochloride, ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, sarafloxacin hydrochloride sungunuka ufa, ndi njira kukonzekera zili chimodzimodzi, mtengo wakale fakitale zambiri limakwera ndi oposa 15%.

6. Sulfonamides

Sulfadiazine sodium, sulfadimethoxine sodium, sulfachlordazine sodium, sulfaquinoxaline sodium, ndi synergists ditrimethoprim, trimethoprim, trimethoprim lactate, ndi zina zotero, zonse zinanyamuka ndi kupitirira 5% kapena kuposa.nawo mankhwala monga ufa sungunuka ndi suspensions (mayankho) ndi 10% ndi 30% zili zosakaniza pamwamba ndi dziko muyezo synergistic kukonzekera pawiri akhoza kupitiriza ndi kuwonjezeka mtengo.

7. Zilombo

Zopangira za diclazuril, totrazuril, praziquantel, ndi levamisole hydrochloride zachulukirachulukira, pomwe zopangira za totrazuril ndi levamisole hydrochloride zakwera ndi kupitilira 5%.Zomwe zili muzokonzekera zomwe zikukhudzidwa ndizomwe zili pamwambazi ndizochepa pang'ono, ndipo pali malo ochepa owonjezera.Zikuyembekezeka kuti ambiri opanga Chowona Zanyama mankhwala sangasinthe mitengo yakale ya fakitale yokonzekera zokhudzana.Kupereka kwa zipangizo za albendazole, ivermectin ndi abamectin ndizokwanira, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wokhazikika, ndipo sipadzakhala kusintha kwapamwamba kwa nthawiyo.

8. Mankhwala ophera tizilombo

Chiyambireni korona watsopano, ayodini, glutaraldehyde, benzalkonium bromide, mchere wa quaternary ammonium, zinthu zomwe zili ndi chlorine (monga sodium hypochlorite, dichloro kapena sodium trichloroisocyanurate), phenol, ndi zina zambiri.Makamaka, mtengo wa caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) wachulukitsa katatu m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yokha chaka chino.M'gawo lachinayi la chaka chino, chifukwa cha kulimbikitsa kupewa ndi kuwongolera korona watsopano, kuwongolera mphamvu ziwiri, kuyang'anira chilengedwe, kukwera kwa ndalama zapadziko lonse lapansi, komanso kukwera kwazinthu zopangira, mitundu iyi yazinthu zopha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zidzayambitsanso. kukwera kwathunthu, makamaka omwe ali ndi chlorine ndi ayodini.Kukonzekera, monga povidone ayodini njira, awiri quaternary ammonium mchere zovuta ayodini njira, sodium dichloride kapena trichloroisocyanurate ufa, etc. ananyamuka ndi oposa 35%, ndipo akadali kukwera, ndipo pali kusowa kwa zipangizo zina.Ngakhale ma organic acid ndi ma surfactants osiyanasiyana okhala ndi antibacterial effect awonanso kuwonjezeka kwakukulu.Mtengo wamapaketi apulasitiki wakweranso kuposa 30%, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti mtengo wazinthu zomalizidwa uwonjezeke.

9. Antipyretic ndi analgesic

Mtengo wa Analgin unawonjezeka ndi 15% pachaka, ndipo mtengo wa acetaminophen unakula ndi 40% pachaka.Flunixin meglumine ndi carbopeptide calcium onse adakwera kwambiri, ndipo mtengo wa sodium salicylate nawonso udakwera kukwera.Zogulitsa zomwe zimakhudzidwa makamaka ndikukonzekera jekeseni wokhala ndi zinthu zambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri.Kuonjezera apo, kuwonjezeka kwa zipangizo zolembera chaka chino ndipamwamba kwambiri m'mbiri.Mitengo yakale ya fakitale yazinthu zokhudzana ndi zosakaniza izi idzakwera kwambiri.Ndipo kuthekera kwa kuwongolera kwakukulu kwakanthawi kochepa sikutheka, kotero tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisungiretu pasadakhale.

Kuwonjezera lakuthwa kukwera pamwamba pa magulu asanu ndi anayi a zipangizo, mu miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yokha, zosiyanasiyana mankhwala zopangira intermediates monga asidi phosphoric ananyamuka kangapo, formic acid ananyamuka pafupifupi kawiri, nitric asidi ndi sulfuric asidi ananyamuka ndi zambiri. kuposa 50%, ndipo sodium bicarbonate idakwera kuposa 80%.%, msika wa makatoni onyamula katundu ukukwera, ndipo ngakhale zida za PVC zakwera pafupifupi 50%.Malinga ndi mmene zinthu zilili panopa, vuto la zachuma likupitirirabe kufalikira padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo zinthu zambiri sizikudziwika.Kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane kukuwonetsa kuti ndi kufooka kokhazikika kapena kosalekeza kwa gawo lofunidwa ndi msika, mphamvu yogayitsa chakudya cham'madzi imatsika, ndipo kufunikira kumatsika pomwe mphamvu yopangira ikuchulukirachulukira chifukwa cha phindu.Pamapeto pake, kuthamanga kwa msika kumabwereranso kumbali ya fakitale yoyambira ndikuwonjezeka koyambirira.Zopangira zofulumira kwambiri zimatha kuchepa m'gawo loyamba ndi lachiwiri la chaka, koma sizikunenedwa kuti gawo laling'ono lazinthu zopangira zipitirire kusinthasintha pamlingo wapamwamba chifukwa chazifukwa zapadera pagawo lopanga zinthu komanso msika. .